Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; Political Alliances; Polish-Lithuanian War; War; Summary. Poland and Lithuania have a quite close friendship, but there are some dark notes neither like to speak, they do want to be together, but then fight against each other. There has been something differed between them and it would haunt them even today ... In the early 17th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in Europe, comprising about 1,000,000 km 2 (390,000 sq mi) of land with a population of some 12 000 000 people (5m Ruthenians, 4.5m Poles, 0.75m Lithuanians, 0.75m Prussians, 0.5m Jews and 0.5m Livionians).
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Richard Butterwick tells the compelling story of the last decades of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth—one of Europe’s largest and least understood polities. Butterwick shows how before its destruction it overcame the stranglehold of Russia and briefly regained sovereignty—the crowning success of which was the first Constitution of modern Europe.